Computational Assessment of Spike Protein Diversity in SARS-CoV-2 Lineages
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5540/03.2025.011.01.0365Palavras-chave:
Phylogenetics, Bioinformatic, VirologyResumo
In December 2019, a new beta-coronavirus was identified in Wuhan, China. The new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to a global pandemic due to rapid human transmission. The disease causes severe respiratory illness that can manifest as a mild cold or total respiratory commitment, often leading to death in severe cases. In this study, 153 SARS-CoV-2 samples were selected from 43 countries and analyzed. We aimed to perform a phylogenetic analysis of the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 to identify the mutations and their occurrence. This work aimed to perform a comparative analysis of the evolution of the Spike protein and the major events that affected it. A Maximum likelihood tree was inferred using the software RAXML-NG. The confidence in the inferred tree topology was performed through bootstrap replicates and branch support was calculated with the Transfer index. Each clade was grouped by a clear set of mutations, some mutations were presented in multiple lineages. The lineage that presented the most original set of substitution was BA.1. An evident change was observed when the substitution profile of the lineages was observed. The ability to reconstruct the functional evolution of proteins and stipulate probable evolutionary paths allows for a better understanding of our universe and a greater preparation for future challenges.
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